Monolithic building construction.



F. P. SINKS. MONOLITHIG BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED DEG-17. 1909.

Patented Oct. 10, 1911.

3 SHEBTSSHEET 1.

I 9 Inventor I ttarneg/ F. I. SINKS. MONOLITHIC BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED DEG/1'7.- 1909.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

- witnesses 1 1 li wenzon m MW Altar/18y Patented Oct. 10, 1911.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK r. sINKs, or cnicAeo, rumors, nssrenoa' TO common & SINKS, or cnrceco,

ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

MONOLITHIG BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed December 17, 1909. Serial at. 533,539.

Patented oct. 10, 1911.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK F. SINKs, a

citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Monolithic-Building Construction, of which the following is I a specification.

It has heretofore been proposed to produce a monolithic building construction comprising reinforced concrete walls, sup porting columns, and floors, and many different arrangements of the reinforcing. metallic members have been provided, many of them with well recognized fundamental expectation of introducing such reinforcingv metallic members into those regions of the concrete which will, because of the load of the structure, either the weight of the structure or the applied load, be subjected to tension stresses but, so far as I am aware, with perhaps one or two exceptions, the floor portions of such monolithic structures have comprised supporting beams having a depth materially exceeding'their thickness, and these beams have, of course, formed downwardly projecting ridges below the .ceiling surface, or lower surface of .the floor,

tensity of light in the room. There have been few exceptions to this general practice where a floor slab of uniform thickness, without beams of any kind, has been produced but, so far as I- am aware, the manner ofplacing proposed reinforcements in the floors of such constructions, as well as'the manner of placing reinforcements in the floors and beams of the other structures to which'I have referred, has been such as to make a careful analysis of the stresses due to the dead weight and to the applied loads practically impossible and a computation of the stresses diflicult. and inaccurate.

The object of'my present invention therefore is to produce a monolithic building structure in which thereshall be no, supporting beams having a vertical depth exproportioned that the stresses due to weight and applied load may be accurately analyzed and computed.

The accompanying drawings illustrate a. building constructed in accordance w1tl1 my invention. I I

Figure 1 is anunder plan view of a com-. plete floor square and adjacent floor squares with four supporting columns; Fig. 2 is a vertical section, the upper portion being on line I), b of Fig. 1 and the lower portion being on line a, a of 1; Fig. 3 is a diai gram showing aprogressive arrangement of the various reinforcements; Figiisasectional view representing diagrammatically some of the reinforcements; Fig, 5 is a perspective view of one panel of the paneled ceiling construction, including four columns; Fig; 6 is a diagrammatic View show-. 1ng how one of the mclosmg slabs may be.

laterally displaced relative to others of the if inclosing slabs of the same series, and Fig. 7 a vertical. section showing a paneling of ti he floor surface instead of the ceiling surace. Y Y

By the term column .as hereinafter used, I intend to indicate.a load-resisting or carrying strut which may be either in the form of an ordinary column or otherwise arranged, depending upon'the position in which the floor is placed. By the term slab I intend to define aportion of the. floor which, for the purposesjof stress analysis, shall have a lateral or transverse extent very materially exceeding its depth,.

i. 6., its dimension in the direction of ap plied load. By inclosing slab I intend to designate my slab substltute for an ordinary beam, said slab serving, for the purposes of analysis, as a supporting boundary.

for an adjacent inclosed slab which will Y be entirely surrounded by inclosing slabs. As a general rule all of the inclosing slabs will extend directly from column to 'column and be formed integral therewith, the

column immediately adjacent the slab be ing provided with a flaring cap which, of course, is integral with the inclosing slab. As an occasional exception, where a panel or opening of somewhat different character .from thegeneral-panels is. desired, one of the inclosing slabs may be laterally shifted so. as not to extend from column to column,

Y but, instead, to extend from one inclosing I slab to a companion inclos ng slab at a point between the column-supported por-.

' tions of said slabs.

' -My structure therefore comprises aplurality. of loadsustaining columns 1-, preferably arrangedin two crossing series in the 1. common manner. Each of these columns IS mounted by a plate 3. Extending across the rovided," at its load-receivin end, with a aring'cap 2; which, if desire ,may be surtops of .the columns are groups of reinforcingmembers 7. -,The members] of each .group. are laterally spaced in accordance with the load stresses, and each group has a lateral extent"closely apiproxiniat'ingthe greatestdimension'of the "the; column, I andthis group Wlll be em: bedded, in an .inclosing floor slab which will have a lateral dimensionor width very ared cap :2 3 of materially exceeding the thiel'mess'of. the slab. -'The reinforcing members 7 for. each slab 5 must extend through the re ions of tension of that slabwhich, at the middleof 2 lower face of the slab. There are alsoreglions of tension in each of these inclosingthe "slab between the columns are near the abs and near the upper-face thereof'adjacent the column ends "of the slabs, and there- .fore some of the-reinforcing members 7 may ;be-. deflected upwardly through a. neutral f region and then-carried over the columns slab, as clearly'indicated in Fig.2. 'Some adjacentjthe up er surface ofthe inclosi'ng of the members 7 may also. be carried di- 'rectly' across the columns adjacent to what would befthel extended fioor face of the-inclosing-slab. 'It will thus be seen that the longitudinally-arranged reinforcement for the slabsh should'lie in ltwo different 'hori-.

zontal planes. The bars lying in the upper lane may be separate from those in the ower, or the bars occupying one-plane may be" integral 'with' those of the other, the. 1 transition from one plane .to the other heingohtained by means ofa bend in the bars,

' as indicated at '5 in Fig. 4. Fonthe sake of clearness the different parts'of' the bars so- 3 are' shown in Fig.4 :as' lying indifferent are bent, they may, if desired, bearranged' planes. In a construction wherein thebars so thatthe portion lying in the upper plane extends some distance beyond thecolumn,

'while the portion lying in the lower 'plan'e extends tothe: middle of the. adjacent col- By this arrangement the same amount of metal is'obtained in the upper plane as in that portion of the lower plane which lies between the columns.

Thus far the reinforcement of the -inclosfing slabs .will be somewhat similar to reinforcement which has been heretofore used except that the lateral extent of each group of reinforcement will materially exceed the vertical depth ofthe slab, but the. flaring of the ceiling, as is the case where a beam.

' will be cap of the c'olumn,'-being integral with inclosingslab, gives to the slab, at'the'rpoints l where the compressive stresses are the greatest, an additional depth which, "howeyer, does not interfere with .the uniform lighting or' lesser extent over thegroup of relnforcing members 7', thus entering,xto a'greater sidered thus far as being hung upon the inner edges of the inclosing slabs." If thi s' were the'onlyireinforcement provided, however, the weight. of the inclosed :slab to- Igetherwith" the applied load, would tend to overturnthe inclosing. slabs because of their great i width 'as compared to ,their depth. This is a'condition which does not exist in that type of'monolithic floor construction wherein supporting beams are pro;

forcing-members 9 will-extend tea-greater .or lesser extent, theedges" of the inclosing vslabs-so that the inclosed slabs may beconvided having a depth: materially greater than the width. Inorder to overcome this diflicult-y I therefore provide thereinforcing members 8 which are placedftransversely of the inclosing slabs neartheir upperfaces, as clearly shown inthe. upper part' of Fig; 2, and thesereinforcing members 8 are arranged; throughout thatj-portionj of the length of each inclosing slab which isg'be-v *tween the columns, saidireinforcingj members being'spaced from'each other but lying "more closely-together at the middle. er. the

beam; as is clearly indicated in Fig. 3. These reinforcing members 8 extend beyond the, lateral extent of the reinforcing memhers 7 toa-greater or less extent-asclearly Y indicated. The reinforcing members 8 serve a double purpose; '(11 '-in that they carry the tension due to negative moments resulting from the loads on theinclosed slabs, therebyrcstraining the sides of these slabs and hence reducing the'positi've moment in the inclosed slab, and- (2). this reinforce; 4

ment reinforces the inclosin slab's against lateral bending and there ore the loads from the inc-losedslabs are carried by the full width of the inclosing slabs'instead of being carried only by the adjacentedges.

It will be noted that the reinforcement is load and all applied loads can be accuratelyso arranged that the stresses due to the dead analyzed and computed.v The reinforcing materialbeing arranged simple recti-.

,the longitudinal reinforcement of the interconcrete floo-r:"ancl aplurality of columns insubstantially" straight rows, groups of re ing is effected in labor in placin "reinforcement and the concrete'durmg connecessity for more than two layers of bars in one face of the slabs), a considerable savboth the thereby giving great latitude to the manner of reinforcing the columns. Furthermore,

secting slabs 5 is independent ofthe reinforcement of the inclosed slabs'6. The inclosed slabs 6 being carried by the slabs 5,

secting slabs 5 may be made to intersect other'slabs 5 elsewhere than at the column supports, as shown in Fig. 6, the stresses in these slabs still remaining determinate. It will be seen that the shifted slab 5 is carried by two opposite slabs 5 at points removed from the column supports 1", the position of the slab 5 providing for an elevator .or stair opening extending into the space between the columns 1.

' As indicated in Figs. 5 and 7, the ceiling or the floor ma if desired, be paneled by making the inc ofsed slabs 6 of less thickness than the inclosing slabs 5, thereby securing a great saving in concrete and hence in dead weight. The manner of reinforcing the slabs 5"and 6 is the same, however, whether the ceiling or the fioor be paneled or not.

I claim as my invention:

1. A monolithic structure comprising a inforcing members extending from column to column longitudinally through the floor adjacent the lower face between the columns and adjacent the upper face across the columns, and each of said groups having atransverse extent exceeding the floor thick ness, thereby forming a plurality of similarly extending inclosing floor slabs, other groups of reinforcing members extending through the floor transversely of the first groups adjacent the lower face between said first groups and adjacent the upper face across said first groups, each of, said last groups having a transverse extent exceeding the floor thickness so as to form a second series of inclosing floor slabs. extending "transversely between the first series of inclosing floor slabs thereby inclosing a multiplicity of inclosed floor slabs, a multiplicity Y Ofifitl'flIlSVQlSQlY arranged reinforcing members lying near the upper face of each mclosing slabbetween its ends, and two series of crossing. remforcmgmembers each exadjacent the lower face thereof.

2. A monolithic structure comprising a concrete floor and a plurality of columns in substantially straight rows, each having a flaring cap adjacent the fioor, groups of reinforcing members extending from column to column longitudinally -through the floor adjacent'the lower face between the columns and adjacent the upper face across the columns, and each of said groups having a transverse extent exceeding the floor thick ness, thereby forming a, plurality of similarly extending inclosing floor slabs, other groups of reinforcing members extending through the floor transversely of the first groups adjacent the lower face between said first groups and adjacent the upper face across said first groups, each of said last groups having a' transverse extent exceeding the floor thickness so as to form a second series of inclosing floor slabs extending transversely between the first series of inclosing floor slabs thereby inclosing a multiplicityof inclosed floor slabs, a multiplicity of transversely arranged reinforcing members lyingv near theupper face of each inclosing slab between its ends, and two series of crossing reinforcing members each extending through an inclosed slab and lying adjacent the lower 95 face thereof. j

3. A monolithic structure comprising a concrete floor and a plurality of columns in substantially straight rows, groups of reinforcing members extending from column to column longitudinally through the floor adjacent the lower face between the columns and adjacent the upper face across the columns, and each of said groups having a transverse extent exceeding the floor thickness, thereby forming a plurailty of similarly extending inclosing floor slabs, other groups of reinforcing members extending through the floor transversely of the first groups adjacent the lower face between said first groups and adjacent the upper face across said first groups, each of said last groups having a transverse extent exceeding the floor thickness so as to form a second series-of inclosing floor slabs extending transversely between the first series flaring cap adjacent the floor, groups of re tin forcing members" extending from column to column longitudinally through the floor adjacent the lower face'between the columns and adjacent the u per: face across the columns, and eacho said groups havin a transverse "extent exceeding the floor thick-' ness,, thereb forming a plurality of sinii larly exten 11g inclosing floor slabs, other 7 groups of reinforcing member's extending 10 through -the floor transversely of the first Y first groups, and adjacent the upper face across said first groups, each of said last groups adjacent the lower face between said.

of transversely arranged reinforcing mem bers 13 1's" near the upper face of each inclosing slab etween its ends and extending nto adjacent -'reg idns' of the inclosed floor slab,

and two'series of crossing reinforcing memhers each extendingthrough an inclosed slab and lyingadjacent the lower face thereof.

5. A monolithic structure comprising a concrete floor and a plurality of columnsin; substantially straight rows, groups. of reinforcing members extendingfrom column to column longitudinally-through the fiooradjacent the lpwer face between the columns and adjacent the a per face "across the col- .unms, and 4 each 0 saidgroups havin larly extending inclosingffioor slabs, other groups vof reinforcing members extending through the floor transversely of the 'first' 40 roups adjacent the lower; face between said rst groups and [adjacent the upper face across said. first groups, each of said lastgroups' havinga transverseextent exc eding the floor thickness so as'to form a second series of inclosing floor slabs extending transversely between therfirst series of: in-

closing floor slabs, thereby inclosing a mul tiplicity of inclosed floor slabs, transverselyarranged reinforcement lying nearthe l pper. faceof each inclosing slabbetween its ends, and reinforcement extending through an, inclosed slab and lying adjacent the lower face thereof and extending into the adjacentinclosing slabs. '6. A monolithic structure comprising a concrete floor and a plurality of columns in substantially straight rows,'-each having a flaring'capadjacent-the floor, groups of re inforcing members extending from column 6 to'column longitudinally through the floor.

adjacent the lower face between, the columns and adjacent the upper face across the columns, each of said groups'havinga transverse extent exceeding the floor thickness, therebyiforminga plurality of similarly'exgroups havin atransverse extent exceeding" the floor thic 'ess so as to form a second. series of inclosing floor slabs extending transversely'betweenthe first series of 112- closing floor slabs therebyinclo'sing a multiplicity'of inclosed floor slabs,'a multiplicity a sa'tr'ansverse extentexceeding-theyfloor th clrness, thereby forming'a plurality of siminmns, and each of said tending inclosin-g fioorslahs other." groups of reinforcing'membersextending through I the floor transversel of the'first groups adjacent the flower ace between said first groups and adjacent the upper face across said first groups, each of said-:last'grou s;

having a transverse extentexceeding t e! floor thickness sons. to form a second series ofinclosing floor slabs extending trans- .versely betweenthe first series of inclosing floor s1abs,-thereby inclosing a multiplicity of' inclosed floorslabs, a multipllci-ty of" transversely arranged reinforcing members? lying-near the upper face of each inclosmg slab between its end-s, and two series of crossing reinforcing members each extending through an inclosed slab and lying-adjacent the lower face thereof and extendinginto the adjacent inclosing slab. v; I 7 7, A monolithic structure comprising a concrete floorfand aj lurality of columns in substantially strai'g t rows, each having a flaring, cap adjacent the floor,

cups of reinforcing. members extending om column to column longitudinally through the floor adjacent the lower face between the columns and adjacent the upper face across 7 the columns, and each of saidgroups having a transverse extent exceeding the floor thickness, thereby-forming a plurality of similarly extending inclosing floor slabs, other groups of reinforcing members extending through the floor transversel of the first groups adjacen'tL-the lower ace between -said first groups and adjacent Lthe forcemclit.

monolithic structure comprising a upper face'across said firstigroups, each of. said last groups having a transverse extent exceeding the floor thickness so as to form a simiiar to that last mentionedand' extend-' ing transversely of said last mentioned -reinconc'rete floor and a -plurali'ty of columns 1nsubstantiallystraight rows, groups of reinforcing members extending from column adj acent the lower face between'the columns and adjacent the upper face across the"col-.

transverse extent exceeding the floor thick hereby forming a pluralit' of similar-ly extending inclosing floors abs, other groups of reinforcing members extending through. the floor transversely of the first groups adjacent the lower-face between said first groups and adjacent the upper" face "across said-first';g'roups,.each of said last to column longitudinally through the floor groups ,having" a v groups having a transverse extent exceeding the floor thickness so as to form a second series of inclosing floor slabs extending transversely between the first series of inclosing floor slabs, thereby inclosing a 1nultiplicity of inclosed floor slabs, a multiplicity of transversely arranged reinforcing members lying near the upper face of each inclosing slab between'its ends and extend ing into adjacent regions of the inclosed floor slab, and two series of crossing rein forcing members each extending through an cent inclosing slab.

Witnesses JOSEPH C. DEvIoK, GEORGE L. CHINDAHL.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the (iommissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. 0.

FRANK F. SINKS. v -1 

